Atlas investigators have an extensive bibliography of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals.
Click on a year to view research articles published that year.
20202019201820172016201520142013201220112010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019981984197719751973
2020
- The Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Hospital Admissions In The United States Health Aff (Millwood). [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 24]. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00980.
- Financial Integration’s Impact On Care Delivery And Payment Reforms: A Survey Of Hospitals And Physician Practices. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(8):1302-1311. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01813.
- Association of Regional Practice Environment Intensity and the Ability of Internists to Practice High-Value Care After Residency. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e202494. Published 2020 Apr 1. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2494.
- Residential Setting and the Cumulative Financial Burden of Dementia in the 7 Years Before Death. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(6):1319-1324. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16414.
- Opportunities and Challenges of Claims-Based Quality Assessment: The Case of Postdischarge β-Blocker Treatment in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020;13(3):e006180. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006180.
- Modeling peer effect modification by network strength: The diffusion of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the US hospital network. Stat Med. 2020;39(8):1125-1144. doi: 10.1002/sim.8466.
- End-of-life quality metrics among medicare decedents at minority-serving cancer centers: A retrospective study. Cancer Med. 2020 Jan 11. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2752. [Epub ahead of print]
2019
- Variation in Bariatric Surgery Costs and Complication Rates in the Military Health System. Mil Med. 2020;185(7-8):e1057-e1064. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usz454.
- Geographical variation in palliative cancer care in a tax-based healthcare system: drug reimbursement in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2020;30(2):223-229. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz211.
- Physician Beliefs and Patient Preferences: A New Look at Regional Variation in Health Care Spending. Am Econ J: Econ Policy. 2019 Feb;11(1):192-221. doi: 10.1257/pol.20150421
- Role of Prices, Utilization, and Health in Explaining Texas Medicaid Newborn CareSpending Variation. Med Care. Med Care. 2019 Feb;57(2):131-137. doi:
10.1097/MLR.0000000000001041 - Exnovation of Low Value Care: A Decade of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Practices. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Jan;67(1):29-36. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15591
2018
- Medical practice variation: public reporting a first necessary step to spark change. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018 Nov 1;30(9):731-735. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy092
- Validating Publicly Available Crosswalks for Translating ICD-9 to ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018 Oct;11(10):e004782. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004782
- Mandatory Medicare Bundled Payment Program for Lower Extremity Joint Replacement and Discharge to Institutional Postacute Care: Interim Analysis of the First Year of a 5-Year Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2018 Sep 4;320(9):892-900. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.12346
- Long-Term Implications Of A Short-Term Policy: Redacting Substance Abuse Data. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018 Jun;37(6):975-979. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1524
- Health Care Employment Growth and the Future of US Cost Containment. JAMA. 2018 May 8;319(18):1861-1862. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2078
- Assessing Variation in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy GuidelineAdherence With Physician and Hospital Patient-sharing Networks. Med Care. 2018 Apr;56(4):350-357. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000883
- Overcoming Challenges to US Payment Reform: Could a Place-Based Approach Help? JAMA. 2018 Apr 17;319(15):1545-1546. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.1542
- Assessing Variation in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy Guideline Adherence With Physician and Hospital Patient-sharing Networks. Med Care. 2018 Apr;56(4):350-357. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000883
- Death at no cost? Persons with no health insurance claims in the last year of life in Switzerland. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Mar 14;18(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-2984-2
- Can accountable care organisations really improve the English NHS? Lessons from the United States. BMJ. 2018 Mar 2;360:k921. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k921
- Behavioral Risk Factors and Regional Variation in Cardiovascular Health Care and Death. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Mar;54(3):376-384. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.11.011
- Association Between Medicare Expenditure Growth and Mortality Rates in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison From 1999 Through 2014. JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Feb 1;3(2):114-122. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4771
- Regional Variation of Computed Tomographic Imaging in the United States and the Risk of Nephrectomy. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Feb 1;178(2):221-227. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.7508
- A method to create a standardized generic and condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure for patient care and healthcare improvement. Qual Life Res. 2018 Feb;27(2):367-378. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1675-5
- Prospective Identification of Patients at Risk for Unwarranted Variation in Treatment. J Palliat Med. 2018 Jan;21(1):44-54. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0063
- Regional Variation in Neonatal Intensive Care Admissions and the Relationship to Bed Supply. J Pediatr. 2018 Jan;192:73-79.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.028
- Data Deficiency in an Era of Expanding Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Care. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jan 1;172(1):11-12. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.4042
2017
- Explaining Sluggish Savings under Accountable Care. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1809-1811. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1709197
- De-adoption and exnovation in the use of carotid revascularization: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2017 Oct 26;359:j4695. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j4695
- Evidence on the Validity of a Comprehensive Health Risk Index and Implications for Ambulatory Care and Population Health Management. J Ambul Care Manage. 2017 Oct/Dec;40(4):297-304. doi: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000177
- Outcomes in Older Adults with Multimorbidity Associated with Predominant Provider of Care Specialty. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Sep;65(9):1916-1923. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14882
- Caesarean sections and private insurance: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 21;7(8):e016600. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016600
- End-Of-Life Medical Spending In Last Twelve Months Of Life Is Lower Than Previously Reported. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017 Jul 1;36(7):1211-1217. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0174
- Income and Cancer Overdiagnosis – When Too Much Care Is Harmful. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 8;376(23):2208-2209. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1615069
- Costs and Consequences of Early Hospital Discharge After Major Inpatient Surgery in Older Adults. JAMA Surg. 2017 May 17;152(5):e170123. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0123
- Replacing the Affordable Care Act: Lessons From Behavioral Economics. JAMA. 2017 May 16;317(19):1951-1952. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.4084
- Relationship Between Continuity of Ambulatory Care and Risk of Emergency Department Episodes Among Older Adults. Ann Emerg Med. 2017 Apr;69(4):407-415.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.06.027
- Association between Temporal Changes in Primary Care Workforce and Patient Outcomes. Health Serv Res. 2017 Apr;52(2):634-655. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12513
- Moving Forward With Accountable Care Organizations: Some Answers, More Questions. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Apr 1;177(4):527-528. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9122
- The relationship of regional hemoglobin A1c testing and amputation rate among patients with diabetes. Vascular. 2017 Apr;25(2):142-148. doi: 10.1177/1708538116650099
- Medical care epidemiology and unwarranted variation: the Israeli case. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2017 Feb 20;6:9. doi: 10.1186/s13584-017-0135-6
- Caesarean sections and for-profit status of hospitals: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Feb 17;7(2):e013670. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013670
- The puzzling popularity of back surgery in certain regions. NY Times. 2017 Feb 13. [Data and Supplemental Materials]
- Regional Variation of Cost of Care in the Last 12 Months of Life in Switzerland: Small-area Analysis Using Insurance Claims Data. Med Care. 2017 Feb;55(2):155-163. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000634
- ACOs Serving High Proportions Of Racial And Ethnic Minorities Lag In Quality Performance. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017 Jan 1;36(1):57-66. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0626
2016
- Assessing Differences between Early and Later Adopters of Accountable Care Organizations Using Taxonomic Analysis. Health Serv Res. 2016 Dec;51(6):2318-2329. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12473
- Variation in Utilization and Need for Tympanostomy Tubes across England and New England. J Pediatr. 2016 Dec;179:178-184.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.093
- Investigating a Multistakeholder Alliance Approach to Reducing Hospital Readmissions. J Healthc Qual. 2016 Nov/Dec;38(6):396-407. doi: 10.1097/JHQ.0000000000000019
- Housing, Transportation, And Food: How ACOs Seek To Improve Population Health By Addressing Nonmedical Needs Of Patients. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016 Nov 1;35(11):2109-2115. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0727
- Patterns of Prescription Drug Use Before and After Fragility Fracture. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Oct 1;176(10):1531-1538. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.4814
- Screening Mammography Use Among Older Women Before and After the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016 Oct;25(10):1030-1037. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5701
- Hemoglobin A1c Testing and Amputation Rates in Black, Hispanic, and White Medicare Patients. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016 Oct;36:208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.03.035
- Medicare’s Bundled Payment Program for Joint Replacement: Promise and Peril? JAMA. 2016 Sep 27;316(12):1262-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.12525
- An analysis of patient-sharing physician networks and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol. 2016 Sep;16(3):132-153. doi: 10.1007/s10742-016-0152-x
- Who Is Providing the Predominant Care for Older Adults With Dementia? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Sep 1;17(9):802-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.04.026
- Continuity of Care and Health Care Utilization in Older Adults With Dementia in Fee-for-Service Medicare. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Sep 1;176(9):1371-8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3553
- Uptake of the centers for medicare and medicaid obesity benefit: 2012-2013. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Sep;24(9):1983-8. doi: 10.1002/oby.21578
- Dying among older adults in Switzerland: who dies in hospital, who dies in a nursing home? BMC Palliat Care. 2016 Sep 23;15(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12904-016-0156-x
- The ACO Experiment in Infancy–Looking Back and Looking Forward. JAMA. 2016 Aug 16;316(7):705-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.9958
- Consistency of Hemoglobin A1c Testing and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Medicare Patients With Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Aug 10;5(8). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003566
- Characteristics and Service Use of Medicare Beneficiaries Using Federally Qualified Health Centers. Med Care. 2016 Aug;54(8):804-9. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000564
- Association Between Medicare Accountable Care Organization Implementation and Spending Among Clinically Vulnerable Beneficiaries. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Aug 1;176(8):1167-75. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2827
- Second fractures among older adults in the year following hip, shoulder, or wrist fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jul;27(7):2207-2215. doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3542-6
- State Legal Restrictions and Prescription-Opioid Use among Disabled Adults. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 7;375(1):44-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1514387 [Data and Supplemental Materials]
- Identification Of Four Unique Spending Patterns Among Older Adults In The Last Year Of Life Challenges Standard Assumptions. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016 Jul 1;35(7):1316-23. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1419
- Toward Lower Costs and Better Care–Averting a Collision between Consumer- and Provider-Focused Reforms. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 10;374(10):903-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1514921
- Association Between Having a Highly Educated Spouse and Physician Practice in Rural Underserved Areas. JAMA. 2016 Mar 1;315(9):939-41. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16972
- Prescription Use among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Northern New England: Intensity and Small Area Variation. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb;169:277-83.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.10.027
- Implementation Science: A Potential Catalyst for Delivery System Reform. JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):339-40. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.17949
- Comparison of Site of Death, Health Care Utilization, and Hospital Expenditures for Patients Dying With Cancer in 7 Developed Countries. JAMA. 2016 Jan 19;315(3):272-83. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.18603
- Amputation Rates for Patients with Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease: The Effects of Race and Region. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016 Jan;30:292-8.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.07.040
2015
- Breast cancer screening in England and the United States: a comparison of provision and utilisation. Int J Public Health. 2015 Dec;60(8):881-90. doi: 10.1007/s00038-015-0740-5
- Hospital Variation in Health Care Utilization by Children With Medical Complexity. Pediatrics. 2015 Nov;136(5):860-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3920
- Epidemiologic Trends in Neonatal Intensive Care, 2007-2012. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Sep;169(9):855-62. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1305
- Using patient-reported outcomes in routine practice: three novel use cases and implications. J Ambul Care Manage. 2015 Apr-Jun;38(2):188-95. doi: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000052
- Variations in the intensive use of head CT for elderly patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Radiology. 2015 Apr;275(1):188-95. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14141362
- Choosing wisely: prevalence and correlates of low-value health care services in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Feb;30(2):221-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-3070-z
2014
- ACO contracting with private and public payers: a baseline comparative analysis. Am J Manag Care. 2014 Dec;20(12):1008-14.
- Accountable health communities: getting there from here. JAMA. 2014 Nov 26;312(20):2093-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13815
- Implementation of a pilot accountable care organization payment model and the use of discretionary and nondiscretionary cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2014 Nov 25;130(22):1954-61. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011470
- Local population characteristics and hemoglobin A1c testing rates among diabetic medicare beneficiaries. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 31;9(10):e111119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111119
- Improving outcomes for diabetic patients undergoing revascularization for critical limb ischemia: does the quality of outpatient diabetic care matter? Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 Oct;28(7):1719-28. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.05.009
- Beyond PCMHs and accountable care organizations: payment reform that encourages customized care. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Oct;29(10):1325-7. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2928-4
- Prescription opioid use among disabled Medicare beneficiaries: intensity, trends, and regional variation. Med Care. 2014 Sep;52(9):852-9. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000183
- Small geographic area variations in prescription drug use. Pediatrics. 2014 Sep;134(3):563-70. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-4250
- Tracking spending among commercially insured beneficiaries using a distributed data model. Am J Manag Care. 2014 Aug;20(8):650-7.
- Early primary care provider follow-up and readmission after high-risk surgery. JAMA Surg. 2014 Aug;149(8):821-8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.157
- Health system characteristics and rates of readmission after acute myocardial infarction in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 May 20;3(3):e000714. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000714
- Fragmentation of care and the use of head computed tomography in patients with ischemic stroke. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2014 May;7(3):430-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000745
- A population health approach to reducing observational intensity bias in health risk adjustment: cross sectional analysis of insurance claims. BMJ. 2014 Apr 10;348:g2392. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2392
- Financial incentives to improve quality: skating to the puck or avoiding the penalty box? JAMA. 2014 Mar 12;311(10):1009-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.421
- Forty years of unwarranted variation–and still counting. Health Policy. 2014 Jan;114(1):1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.11.010
- A systematic review of medical practice variation in OECD countries. Health Policy. 2014 Jan;114(1):5-14. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.08.002
- Physicians as part of the solution? Community-based participatory research as a way to get shared decision making into practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):219-22. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2602-2
- Relationship between regional spending on vascular care and amputation rate. JAMA Surg. 2014 Jan;149(1):34-42. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.4277
2013
- Growth in medicare expenditures for patients with acute myocardial infarction: a comparison of 1998 through 1999 and 2008. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Dec 9-23;173(22):2055-61. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.10789
- Accountable Care Organizations in the United States: market and demographic factors associated with formation. Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec;48(6 Pt 1):1840-58. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12102
- Continuity of care and the risk of preventable hospitalization in older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Nov 11;173(20):1879-85. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.10059
- Accelerating physician workforce transformation through competitive graduate medical education funding. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013 Nov;32(11):1887-92. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0451
- Understanding of regional variation in the use of surgery. Lancet. 2013 Sep 28;382(9898):1121-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61215-5
- Accountable prescribing. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 25;369(4):299-302. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1301805
- Regional intensity of vascular care and lower extremity amputation rates. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Jun;57(6):1471-79, 1480.e1-3; discussion 1479-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.11.068
- Association between physician supply, local practice norms, and outpatient visit rates. Med Care. 2013 Jun;51(6):524-31. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182928f67
- Attributing patients to accountable care organizations: performance year approach aligns stakeholders’ interests. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013 Mar;32(3):587-95. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0489
- Early discharge does not increase readmission or mortality after high-risk vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Mar;57(3):734-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.055
- Observational intensity bias associated with illness adjustment: cross sectional analysis of insurance claims. BMJ. 2013 Feb 21;346:f549. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f549
- Change in end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries: site of death, place of care, and health care transitions in 2000, 2005, and 2009. JAMA. 2013 Feb 6;309(5):470-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.207624
- Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair, race, and volume in thoracic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Jan;57(1):56-63, 63.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.036
2012
- Insights from transformations under way at four Brookings-Dartmouth accountable care organization pilot sites. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Nov;31(11):2395-406. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1219
- A framework for evaluating the formation, implementation, and performance of accountable care organizations. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Nov;31(11):2368-78. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0544
- Spending differences associated with the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration. JAMA. 2012 Sep 12;308(10):1015-23. doi: 10.1001/2012.jama.10812
- Interpretations of integration in early accountable care organizations. Milbank Q. 2012 Sep;90(3):457-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00671.x
- The promise and peril of accountable care for vulnerable populations: a framework for overcoming obstacles. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Aug;31(8):1777-85. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0490
- Decision-making process reported by Medicare patients who had coronary artery stenting or surgery for prostate cancer. J Gen Intern Med. 2012 Aug;27(8):911-6. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2009-5
- State spending on dual eligibles under age 65 shows variations, evidence of cost shifting from Medicaid to Medicare. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 May;31(5):939-47. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0921
- Impact of payment reform on chemotherapy at the end of life. J Oncol Pract. 2012 May;8(3 Suppl):e6s-e13s. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2012.000539
- Association of age, gender, and race with intensity of end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. J Palliat Med. 2012 May;15(5):548-54. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2011.0310
- Tonsillectomy: a procedure in search of evidence. J Pediatr. 2012 May;160(5):716-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.033
- End-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer is highly intensive overall and varies widely. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Apr;31(4):786-96. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0650
- Association of hospital spending intensity with mortality and readmission rates in Ontario hospitals. JAMA. 2012 Mar 14;307(10):1037-45. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.265
- Roles for specialty societies and vascular surgeons in accountable care organizations. J Vasc Surg. 2012 Mar;55(3):875-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.116
- Adverse effects of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open retropubic radical prostatectomy among a nationwide random sample of medicare-age men. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Feb 10;30(5):513-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.8621
- Sources of regional variation in Medicare Part D drug spending. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 9;366(6):530-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1104816
- Withholds to slow Medicare spending: a better deal than cuts. JAMA. 2012 Jan 4;307(1):43-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1946
- Hospital quality and the cost of inpatient surgery in the United States. Ann Surg. 2012 Jan;255(1):1-5. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182402c17
- Variation in the use of lower extremity vascular procedures for critical limb ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012 Jan;5(1):94-102. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.962233
- Growth in the use of PET for six cancer types after coverage by medicare: additive or replacement? J Am Coll Radiol. 2012 Jan;9(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2011.06.019
2011
- Building the path to accountable care. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 29;365(26):2445-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1112442
- Survival after open versus endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair in an observational study of the Medicare population. Circulation. 2011 Dec 13;124(24):2661-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.033944
- Large variations in Medicare payments for surgery highlight savings potential from bundled payment programs. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Nov;30(11):2107-15. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0783
- New cardiac surgery programs established from 1993 to 2004 led to little increased access, substantial duplication of services. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Aug;30(8):1569-74. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0210
- End-of-life cancer care in Ontario and the United States: quality by accident or quality by design? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Jun 8;103(11):840-1. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr161
- Primary care physician workforce and Medicare beneficiaries’ health outcomes. JAMA. 2011 May 25;305(20):2096-104. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.665
- Fewer hospitalizations result when primary care is highly integrated into a continuing care retirement community. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 May;30(5):975-84. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.1102
- Interprofessional care and the future of nursing. J Interprof Care. 2011 May;25(3):163-4. doi: 10.3109/01460862.2011.557903
- The pragmatist’s guide to comparative effectiveness research. J Econ Perspect. 2011 Spring;25(2):27-46. doi: 10.1257/jep.25.2.27
- Time to tackle unwarranted variations in practice. BMJ. 2011 Mar 17;342:d1513. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d1513
- Geographic variation in diagnosis frequency and risk of death among Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA. 2011 Mar 16;305(11):1113-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.307
- Small area variation in endoscopic sinus surgery rates among the Medicare population. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Mar;137(3):253-7. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2011.17
- Seniors’ perceptions of health care not closely associated with physician supply. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Feb;30(2):219-27. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0602
- Trends and variation in incidence, surgical treatment, and repeat surgery of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Jan 19;93(2):121-31. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01505
- Regional variation in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention: results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011 Jan 1;4(1):114-21. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.958264
- Preventing ruin, or the ruin of United States health care? A requiem for rationing. J Leg Med. 2011 Jan;32(1):61-76. doi: 10.1080/01947648.2011.550829
- Geographic maldistribution of primary care for children. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):19-27. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0150
2010
- Measuring racial disparities in the quality of ambulatory diabetes care. Med Care. 2010 Dec;48(12):1057-63. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181f37fcf
- Supply sensitive services in Swiss ambulatory care: an analysis of basic health insurance records for 2003-2007. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Nov 23;10:315. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-315
- Accountable care organizations: accountable for what, to whom, and how. JAMA. 2010 Oct 20;304(15):1715-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1513
- How the center for Medicare and Medicaid innovation should test accountable care organizations. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010 Jul;29(7):1293-8. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0453
- Regional variations in diagnostic practices. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 1;363(1):45-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa0910881
- Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis four-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jun 15;35(14):1329-38. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e0f04d
- Race versus place of service in mortality among medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Cancer. 2010 Jun 1;116(11):2698-706. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25097
- Primary care physician supply and children’s health care use, access, and outcomes: findings from Canada. Pediatrics. 2010 Jun;125(6):1119-26. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2821
- Trends in endoscopic sinus surgery rates in the Medicare population. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 May;136(5):426-30. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2010.58
- Higher health care quality and bigger savings found at large multispecialty medical groups. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010 May;29(5):991-7. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0388
- A national strategy to put accountable care into practice. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010 May;29(5):982-90. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0194
- Variation in prostate-specific antigen screening in men aged 80 and older in fee-for-service Medicare. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Apr;58(4):674-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02761.x
- Prices don’t drive regional Medicare spending variations. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010 Mar-Apr;29(3):537-43. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0609
- Looking back, moving forward. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 18;362(7):569-74; discussion 574. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1000448
- Regional variation in carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy in the Medicare population. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010 Jan;3(1):15-24. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.864736
2009
- Primary care and accountable care–two essential elements of delivery-system reform. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2301-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0909327
- Relationship of primary care physicians’ patient caseload with measurement of quality and cost performance. JAMA. 2009 Dec 9;302(22):2444-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1810
- The cost of health care–highlights from a discussion about economics and reform. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 8;361(15):1421-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0907810
- Influence of NCI cancer center attendance on mortality in lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients. Med Care Res Rev. 2009 Oct;66(5):542-60. doi: 10.1177/1077558709335536
- Getting past denial–the high cost of health care in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 24;361(13):1227-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0907172
- Unwarranted variation in pediatric medical care. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Aug;56(4):745-55. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.05.007
- Hospital quality and intensity of spending: is there an association? Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Jul-Aug;28(4):w566-72. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.w566
- Achieving health care reform–how physicians can help. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jun 11;360(24):2495-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0903923
- Surgical compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. four-year results in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized and observational cohorts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Jun;91(6):1295-304. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.00913
- Racial and ethnic differences in preferences for end-of-life treatment. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jun;24(6):695-701. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-0952-6
- How much do patients’ preferences contribute to resource use? Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 May-Jun;28(3):864-73. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.864
- Fostering accountable health care: moving forward in medicare. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Mar-Apr;28(2):w219-31. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.w219
- Slowing the growth of health care costs–lessons from regional variation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 26;360(9):849-52. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0809794
- Determinants of NCI Cancer Center attendance in Medicare patients with lung, breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Feb;24(2):205-10. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0863-y
- Cancer care in the United States: identifying end-of-life cohorts. J Palliat Med. 2009 Feb;12(2):128-32. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2008.0239
- Inpatient care intensity and patients’ ratings of their hospital experiences. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Jan-Feb;28(1):103-12. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.103
- The elusive connection between health care spending and quality. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Jan-Feb;28(1):w119-23. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w119
2008
- Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: four-year results for the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Dec 1;33(25):2789-800. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31818ed8f4
- Access to cancer services for rural colorectal cancer patients. J Rural Health. 2008 Fall;24(4):390-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00186.x
- Building a medical neighborhood for the medical home. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 18;359(12):1202-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0806233
- Improving accountability for the public investment in health profession education: it’s time to try health workforce planning. JAMA. 2008 Sep 10;300(10):1205-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.10.1205
- Impact of Title VII training programs on community health center staffing and national health service corps participation. Ann Fam Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;6(5):397-405. doi: 10.1370/afm.885
- Comorbidity risk-adjustment strategies are comparable among persons with hip fracture. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008 Jun;61(6):580-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.001
- Discretionary decision making by primary care physicians and the cost of U.S. Health care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 May-Jun;27(3):813-23. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.813
- Crossroads in quality. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 May-Jun;27(3):749-58. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.749
- An AOA critical issue. Future physician workforce requirements: implications for orthopaedic surgery education. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 May;90(5):1143-59. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.G.01305
- Physician workforce crisis? Wrong diagnosis, wrong prescription. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1658-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0800319
- Abstracts in high profile journals often fail to report harm. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008 Mar 27;8:14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-14
- Variations in hospital resource use for Medicare and privately insured populations in California. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Mar-Apr;27(2):w123-34. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.w123
- Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Feb 21;358(8):794-810. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707136
- Geographic access to cancer care in the U.S. Cancer. 2008 Feb 15;112(4):909-18. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23229
- SPORT lumbar intervertebral disk herniation and back pain: does treatment, location, or morphology matter? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4):428-35. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816469de
- Changes in the use of carotid revascularization among the medicare population. Arch Surg. 2008 Feb;143(2):170-3. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2007.43
- Does having more physicians lead to better health system performance? JAMA. 2008 Jan 23;299(3):335-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.3.335
- Rates of solid-organ wait-listing, transplantation, and survival among residents of rural and urban areas. JAMA. 2008 Jan 9;299(2):202-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2007.50
- Cost-effectiveness of digital mammography breast cancer screening. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Jan 1;148(1):1-10. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-0000
2007
- Extending the P4P agenda, part 2: how Medicare can reduce waste and improve the care of the chronically ill. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Nov-Dec;26(6):1575-85. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.6.1575
- Extending the P4P agenda, part 1: how Medicare can improve patient decision making and reduce unnecessary care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Nov-Dec;26(6):1564-74. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.6.1564
- Excess mortality following hip fracture: the role of underlying health status. Osteoporos Int. 2007 Nov;18(11):1463-72. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0429-6
- Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 31;356(22):2257-70. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070302
- Malpractice liability costs and the practice of medicine in the Medicare program. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 May-Jun;26(3):841-52. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.841
- Informed patient choice: patient-centered valuing of surgical risks and benefits. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 May-Jun;26(3):726-30. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.726
- Toward the ‘tipping point’: decision aids and informed patient choice. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 May-Jun;26(3):716-25. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.716
- Are regional variations in end-of-life care intensity explained by patient preferences?: A Study of the US Medicare Population. Med Care. 2007 May;45(5):386-93. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000255248.79308.41
- Geographic access to family planning facilities and the risk of unintended and teenage pregnancy. Matern Child Health J. 2007 Mar;11(2):145-52. doi: 10.1007/s10995-006-0151-6
- Assigning ambulatory patients and their physicians to hospitals: a method for obtaining population-based provider performance measurements. Health Serv Res. 2007 Feb;42(1 Pt 1):45-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00633.x
- Analysis of observational studies in the presence of treatment selection bias: effects of invasive cardiac management on AMI survival using propensity score and instrumental variable methods. JAMA. 2007 Jan 17;297(3):278-85. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.3.278
- U.S. trends in CABG hospital volume: the effect of adding cardiac surgery programs. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):162-8. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.162
- Creating accountable care organizations: the extended hospital medical staff. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):w44-57. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.w44
2006
- Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) observational cohort. JAMA. 2006 Nov 22;296(20):2451-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.20.2451
- Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial. JAMA. 2006 Nov 22;296(20):2441-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.20.2441
- Paying for performance–risks and recommendations. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 2;355(18):1845-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp068221
- United States’ trends and regional variations in lumbar spine surgery: 1992-2003. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Nov 1;31(23):2707-14. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000248132.15231.fe
- Veterans Health Administration patients’ use of the private sector for coronary revascularization in New York: opportunities to improve outcomes by directing care to high-performance hospitals. Med Care. 2006 Jun;44(6):519-26. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000215888.20004.5e
- Regional variations in health care intensity and physician perceptions of quality of care. Ann Intern Med. 2006 May 2;144(9):641-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00007
- Geographic access to health care for rural Medicare beneficiaries. J Rural Health. 2006 Spring;22(2):140-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00022.x
- End-of-life care at academic medical centers: implications for future workforce requirements. Health Aff (Millwood). 2006 Mar-Apr;25(2):521-31. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.521
- Is technological change in medicine always worth it? The case of acute myocardial infarction. Health Aff (Millwood). 2006 Mar-Apr;25(2):w34-47. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.25.w34
2005
- Bereaved family member perceptions of quality of end-of-life care in U.S. regions with high and low usage of intensive care unit care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Nov;53(11):1905-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53563.x
- Regional variation in rates of low birth weight. Pediatrics. 2005 Nov;116(5):1114-21. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1627
- Mortality after acute myocardial infarction in hospitals that disproportionately treat black patients. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2634-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.543231
- Variation in the tendency of primary care physicians to intervene. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Oct 24;165(19):2252-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.165.19.2252
- Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 18;353(7):683-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa050672
- Where do graduating pediatric residents seek practice positions? Ambul Pediatr. 2005 Jul-Aug;5(4):228-34. doi: 10.1367/A04-164R1.1
- Evaluating the efficiency of california providers in caring for patients with chronic illnesses. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Jul-Dec;Suppl Web Exclusives:W5-526-43. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.w5.526 [Press release] [Supplemental tables]
- Postmarketing surveillance of medical devices using Medicare claims. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Jul-Aug;24(4):928-37. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.4.928
- The pediatrician workforce: current status and future prospects. Pediatrics. 2005 Jul;116(1):e156-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0874
- The physician workforce crisis: where is the evidence? Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Jan-Jun;Suppl Web Exclusives:W5-108-W5-110. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.w5.108
- Geographic variation in health care and the problem of measuring racial disparities. Perspect Biol Med. 2005 Winter;48(1 Suppl):S42-53. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2005.0034
2004
- Unwarranted variations in the quality of health care: can the law help medicine provide a remedy/remedies? Spec Law Dig Health Care Law. 2004 Sep;(305):9-25.
- Use of hospitals, physician visits, and hospice care during last six months of life among cohorts loyal to highly respected hospitals in the United States. BMJ. 2004 Mar 13;328(7440):607. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7440.607 [Supplemental tables]
- Practice variations and health care reform: connecting the dots. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR140-4. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.140
- Variations in the longitudinal efficiency of academic medical centers. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR19-32. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.19
- Who you are and where you live: how race and geography affect the treatment of medicare beneficiaries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR33-44. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.33
- Use of Medicare claims data to monitor provider-specific performance among patients with severe chronic illness. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR5-18. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.5 [Supplemental tables]
- Trends and geographic variations in major surgery for degenerative diseases of the hip, knee, and spine. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR81-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.81
- Twenty-year trends in regional variations in the U.S. physician workforce. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR90-7. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.var.90
2003
- Addressing variations: is there hope for the future? Health Aff (Millwood). 2003 Jul-Dec;Suppl Web Exclusives:W3-614-7. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.w3.614
- Standard consultations are not enough to ensure decision quality regarding preference-sensitive options. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Apr 16;95(8):570-1. doi: 10.1093/jnci/95.8.570
- The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. Part 2: health outcomes and satisfaction with care. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):288-98. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-4-200302180-0000
- The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. Part 1: the content, quality, and accessibility of care. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):273-87. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-4-200302180-00006
- Primary care service areas: a new tool for the evaluation of primary care services. Health Serv Res. 2003 Feb;38(1 Pt 1):287-309. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.00116
- Health care quality, geographic variations, and the challenge of supply-sensitive care. Perspect Biol Med. 2003 Winter;46(1):69-79. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2003.0004
2002
- Unwarranted variations in healthcare delivery: implications for academic medical centres. BMJ. 2002 Oct 26;325(7370):961-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7370.961
- Finding high quality, efficient providers for value purchasing: cohort methods better than methods based on events. Med Care. 2002 Oct;40(10):853-5
- Will volume-based referral strategies reduce costs or just save lives? Health Aff (Millwood). 2002 Sep-Oct;21(5):234-41. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.5.234
- Geography and the debate over Medicare reform. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002 Jul-Dec;Suppl Web Exclusives:W96-114. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.w2.96
2001
- Area Differences in Utilization of Medical Care and Mortality Among U.S. Elderly. NBER Working Paper No. 8628, Dec 2001. doi: 10.3386/w8628
- The uneven landscape of newborn intensive care services: variation in the neonatology workforce. Eff Clin Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;4(4):143-9.
- The Efficiency of Medicare. NBER Working Paper No. 8395, Jul 2001. doi: 10.3386/w8395
- Shared decision-making and the orthopaedic workforce. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Apr;(385):68-75.
2000
- Federal Medicare Transfers Across States: Winners and Losers. National Tax Journal. 2000 Sep;53(3):713-32. doi: 10.17310/ntj.2000.3S.05
1999
- Avoiding the unintended consequences of growth in medical care: how might more be worse? JAMA. 1999 Feb 3;281(5):446-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.5.446
1998
- How Much is Enough? Efficiency and Medicare Spending in the Last Six Months of Life. NBER Working Paper No. 6513, Apr 1998. doi: 10.3386/w6513
1984
- Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action. Health Aff (Millwood). 1984 Summer;3(2):6-32. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.3.2.6
1977
- A test of consumer contribution to small area variations in health care delivery. J Maine Med Assoc. 1977 Aug;68(8):275-9.
1975
- Health care delivery in Maine, III: evaluating the level of hospital performance. J Maine Med Assoc. 1975 Nov;66(11):298-306.
- Health care delivery in Maine II: conditions explaining hospital admission. J Maine Med Assoc. 1975 Oct;66(10):255-61, 269.
- Health care delivery in Maine I: patterns of use of common surgical procedures. J Maine Med Assoc. 1975 May;66(5):123-30, 149.
1973
- Small area variations in health care delivery. Science. 1973 Dec 14;182(4117):1102-8. doi: 10.1126/science.182.4117.1102